Bioworld study

  Basic principles of heredity The principles of heredity explain how genes are passed from generation to generation and how factors such as dominance influence inheritance. Gregor Mendel was the first to demonstrate the basic principles of heredity. Experiments conducted: 1856 to 1863 Published: 1866 Carl, von and Vries (Botanist) in 1900 recognised Mendel’s principles. Pea plant characteristics studied by Mendel:     Mendel's success: Choice of experimental subject: Pea plant ( Pisum sativum ) The plant is easy to cultivate Single growing season Large number of varieties were genetically pure Adopted experimental approach and interpreted the result using mathematics Formulate hypothesis and test it. Seven characteristics chosen for study. Avoid characteristics that display a range of variation. Some important genetic terms: The term gene is a word that Mendel never knew. It was coined by Wilhelm Johannse...

  Prokaryotic gene regulation is very simple in comparison to eukaryotic gene regulation. The whole idea for prokaryotic gene regulation is that we want to control the expression of certain genes. Let's say, we have a dsDNA. From this DNA, mRNA is produced. This mRNA contains all the genes present in different regions which are present in DNA. The mRNA will eventually be transcribed into different proteins. Protein is the ultimate product of genes that we needed. What is gene regulation? Gene regulation is the process of regulating the expression of certain genes present in DNA, that will make the protein. For example, let's say, protein A is only required when bacteria need to break down lactose. So that is the condition. If lactose is present and bacteria want to break down lactose, then only it will express the gene for protein A. On the other side, when there is no lactose present in the medium, bacteria will not produce the gene A product. Therefore, the expression of ge...